Freudian Slip (Parapraxis) A Freudian slip is an unintentional error in speech, writing, or action that—according to Freud—reveals an unconscious, repressed thought or desire. In modern cognitive science, it’s understood as a conflict between competing neural representations: what you intend to say versus what is salient, activated, or emotionally charged beneath conscious awareness. Spoonerism A spoonerism is the swapping of initial sounds or syllables between words (e.g., “You have hissed all