In 2017, the Merced County city of Livingston made headlines for becoming the Valley’s first sanctuary city. Efforts to push for sanctuary protections have failed in cities like Fresno and Mendota. Sacramento became one of the first sanctuary cities in the country in 1985.

San Francisco leaders reaffirmed its status as a sanctuary city on Tuesday as the Trump administration vows to make good on campaign promises for increased immigration enforcement.

New York political leaders are split over the recent increase in ICE deportation operations, with Republicans praising the crackdown and Democrats stressing authorities respect “sanctuary" policies.

Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem participated in a federal immigration operation in New York City on Tuesday, catching "dirtbags" in the city.

Johnson also has been asked to hand over all documents and communications related Chicago's sanctuary policies.

As the Trump administration tries to aggressively increase its number of immigration arrests, “sanctuary cities” are a top target.

The bipartisan U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform sent a letter to Denver Mayor Mike Johnston asking him to testify. Johnston didn't say if he would but criticized Republicans in Congress on immigration.

The city has been singled out as one of the nation’s four most problematic sanctuary cities and Mayor Michelle Wu has been asked to testify about its “sanctuary policies” at a public hearing next month,

Mayor Johnson was asked​ by the House Oversight Committee to testify on Capitol Hill next month about Chicago's sanctuary city status — along with other big city mayors.

Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson has been asked to appear before Congress next month to discuss the city’s status as a sanctuary city.

Boston Mayor Michelle Wu was one of four mayors called before the House's Committee on Oversight and Government Reform to testify on their status as sanctuary cities.

Ever heard of a sanctuary city for immigrants? This is what they are, plus a look at sanctuary locations in Ohio and Kentucky.