Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (JECH)

Operationalising health inequalities across multiple policy levels in the UK: place, gaps and the missing social gradient

Background Health inequalities are widely studied but how governments operationalise (define and measure) the phenomenon is less well-understood. Existing research focuses mainly on health-led ...
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (JECH)

Effectiveness of a multi-component hand hygiene intervention in primary schools: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Nigeria

Background Handwashing with soap reduces infection transmission in schools, yet sustained hygiene service delivery is limited ...
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Association between social activity and cognitive enhancement among older adults: results from five longitudinal cohort studies

Background Cognitive impairment is a leading cause of disability and mortality in older adults. The association between social activity engagement and cognitive enhancement remains inconclusive. This ...
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Natural experiments: should we define them broadly or narrowly?

The recently updated UK Medical Research Council’s guidance on the use of natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions, published in 2025, adopted a broad definition of natural ...
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From market shocks to metabolic shocks: how acute workplace stress affects cardiometabolic biomarkers in employees

1 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China Background Stress affects cardiometabolic health, but evidence linking objective, occupation-specific stressors to individual-level ...
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Children’s right to the city and their independent mobility: why it matters for public health

Automobile-centric community design, or ‘motornormativity’, severely restricts opportunities for children to engage in active transportation (AT) and outdoor free play (OFP). As these activities are ...
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Do urban regeneration programmes improve public health and reduce health inequalities? A synthesis of the evidence from UK policy and practice (1980–2004)

Objectives: To synthesise data on the impact on health and key socioeconomic determinants of health and health inequalities reported in evaluations of national UK regeneration programmes. Data Sources ...
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Ozone and cause-specific cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality

Background Health effects of ozone have been observed in numerous studies. However, analyses of more cause-specific morbidity or mortality outcomes have rarely been performed. A study was undertaken ...
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Back to back housing, courts, and privies: the slums of 19th century England

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be ...
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Developmental origins of adult health and disease

Correspondence to: Professor D J P Barker Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO9 4XY, UK; djpbmrc.soton.ac.uk The aim of this glossary is ...
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SMART lunch box intervention to improve the food and nutrient content of children's packed lunches: UK wide cluster randomised controlled trial

1 Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 2 Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, ...
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Association of retirement age with mortality: a population-based longitudinal study among older adults in the USA

3 School of Social and Human Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA Correspondence to Chenkai Wu, School of Biological and ...