The dynamics of ecological systems are influenced by the outcomes of biotic interactions, which usually fall within antagonistic–mutualistic continuums 1,2,3,4. The ultimate outcome of a biotic ...

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and data science, Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN), as an effective probabilistic graphical model, has been widely used in many engineering fields.

Network structure as a research area investigates the organization, topology, and functional implications of relations among entities represented as graphs or networks, encompassing nodes (vertices) ...