What is calculus: It’s the study of change and motion, split into differential (rates of change) and integral (accumulation) branches. Where it’s used: From physics and engineering to economics, ...

Fractal calculus represents a significant extension of traditional calculus, providing a robust framework for the analysis of functions defined on irregular, non-differentiable fractal sets. This ...

The calculus of variations is a field of mathematical analysis that identifies functions minimising or maximising integral quantities. It provides the theoretical foundation for determining stable ...