With the help of Raman spectroscopy, the structure of the active phase can be studied with suitable spatial resolution and a short collection time. Under certain favorable conditions, it is possible ...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive spectroscopic techniques available, with single-molecule detection possible on a range of noble-metal substrates. It is widely used to ...

XPS is a very versatile method that has found extensive use in numerous application areas, from aerospace materials to contact lenses. XPS is unique in that it can quantify the chemical and elemental ...