Emerging, data-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning are gaining popularity. Data centers, which act as the essential infrastructure for these technologies, need to ...

Many things change in the transition from good old baseband, logic-emulating non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling to 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4): We get three eye diagrams instead of one, ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...