Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) represent sophisticated nanomachines that bacteria utilise to deliver effector proteins directly into eukaryotic host cells. These multi‐protein assemblies, often ...

Six years ago, researchers described the first toxin ever found for the deadly pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the mechanism for its secretion from the bacterium was unknown. Now, ...

Unconventional protein secretion mechanisms represent a significant deviation from the classical endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi pathway. These alternative routes enable proteins—often lacking a ...

Oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA stimulates autophagy flux, which enhances STX17-mediated autolysosome formation, leading to the degradation of autophagosomal contents. However, in response to ...

Varieties of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens infect their eukaryotic hosts by deploying the type III translocon to deliver effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells in which effectors ...

Protein production is a multi-billion dollar industry, with applications in pharmaceuticals, industrial enzyme use (eg in laundry detergent), and biomaterials. Bacteria are receiving renewed interest ...

These images captured using high-speed atomic force microscopy, represent the snapshots of the protein substrate getting translocated through the SecYEG-SecA complex. The left image indicates the ...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway integrates growth factor signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) to control cell proliferation. To study ERK dynamics, many ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Although citrate transporters are involved in iron (Fe) translocation and aluminum (Al) tolerance in plants, to date none of them have been ...

Yolk proteins (vitellogenins, VITs) are crucial lipid-carrying molecules that supply nutrients from the mother to embryos in oviparous animals. In humans, their functional analog apolipoprotein B-100 ...