Some of the most common tools parents and teachers use for managing children’s behaviors are rewards and punishments. While these methods tend to lose effectiveness as a child ages, there are times ...

One of the most significant negative side effects is the induction of fear and anxiety. When individuals are consistently ...

There are four main types of reinforcement in operant conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. Extinction occurs when a response is no longer ...

The difference between punishment and discipline is vast, but many people still equate the two. Caregivers benefit greatly when they understand the difference and how to foster the latter because ...

Another one of my pet peeves is the fact that many people – civilians and scientists alike – use the phrase “negative reinforcement” to mean “punishment.” The two are not at all the same; in fact, ...

COLUMBIA – A team of University of Missouri researchers found children who are severely disciplined as infants have negative behavior up to fifth grade. The study found this to be especially true ...