In previous articles—Common op-amp circuits, Op amps do integration, and The practical op-amp differentiator is quite versatile—we looked at some classic op amp circuits. These circuits used negative ...

Audio metering is present in almost any equipment that plays or records audio – from cell phones displaying bar graphs of audio output levels, to home stereos with flashing LEDS, to live broadcasting.

For present-day owners of vintage Commodore computers, keeping data and programs safe and backed up is top priority. Disk drive storage was more common in the US, whereas in Europe, the audio cassette ...