On average, it takes just over four years for an English learner in San Francisco schools to be recognized as fluent in the language. It takes seven years in Hayward and more than 10 years in Oakland ...

Learning a new language represents one of the most rewarding intellectual challenges adults can pursue, offering cognitive benefits, career advantages, and deeper cultural connections that extend far ...

There are many ways of categorising someone’s linguistic skills, but the concept of fluency is hard to define. Mayor Pete Buttigieg’s youth, military record, and marital status may distinguish him ...

Fluency in a foreign language is often thought to be about speaking quickly and using advanced vocabulary. However, researchers reveal that speakers who use common, everyday expressions sound more ...

The study of second language speech fluency has advanced significantly in recent years, drawing attention to both the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms underlying fluent speech production. This area ...