Neuronal reprogramming of macrophages represents a paradigm shift in innate immunity. Rather than passively responding to cytokines, macrophages dynamically react to neurotransmitters, such as ...

Sensory neurons are afferent neurons in sensory systems that convert stimuli and transmit information to the central nervous system as electrical signals. Primary afferent neurons that are affected by ...

The brain’s rules seem simple: Fire together, wire together. When groups of neurons activate, they become interconnected. This networking is how we learn, reason, form memories, and adapt to our world ...

Motor neurons are some of the largest cells in the human body. In particular, upper neurons—extending from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem or spinal cord—average 60μm in diameter. 3,4 These ...

For decades, textbooks told students the human brain contained 100 billion neurons. That figure, repeated so often it became ...

From Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s hand came branches and whorls, spines and webs. Now-famous drawings by the neuroanatomist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries showed, for the first time, the ...

New experiments reveal how astrocytes tune neuronal activity to modulate our mental and emotional states. The results suggest that neuron-only brain models, such as connectomes, leave out a crucial ...