Introduction : how to write history of biology -- The place of biology in the sciences and its conceptual structure -- The changing intellectual milieu of biology Diversity of life. Macrotaxonomy, the ...

Current phylogenetic comparative methods modeling quantitative trait evolution generally assume that, during speciation, phenotypes are inherited identically between the two daughter species. This, ...

A random mutation in a gene can alter its function and bring about a new characteristic that can pass down for many generations, but this may not be the only way that organisms can inherit a trait.