Paintings undergo chemical, mechanical and biological damage over time. While chemical and biological changes have been extensively studied in recent decades, the study of the mechanical behavior of ...

Pure Al is generally considered corrosion resistant due to the protective nature of spontaneously forming aluminum oxide passive film 1,2,3,4. The passive film is a wide bandgap insulator that does ...

Imagine leaving your shiny metal bicycle outside in the rain. As water pools on its surfaces, oxygen from the air lingers nearby, and together they begin to quietly attack the metal. The iron in the ...