WASHINGTON—Senate Republicans detailed major revisions of the House’s giant tax-and-spending bill, offering more permanent business tax breaks, deeper cuts to Medicaid, slower phaseouts for clean-energy tax credits and a much lower cap on the state and local tax deduction.

The legislation keeps some House provisions, like new Medicaid rules, while making significant changes in other areas, including Medicare and the state and local tax deduction.

Senate Republicans plan to unveil key details of their version of President Donald Trump’s giant economic policy bill as soon as Monday, with the party pushing to enact the $3 trillion tax package by July 4.